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This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy and clarity by Tort Defenders’ writers and staff and is as accurate as possible. This content should not be taken as legal advice from an attorney.
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is a firefighting foam used to extinguish flammable liquid fires. While it effectively suppresses flames, AFFF contains harmful chemicals, including per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), that can have long-term health impacts on individuals who handle or are vulnerable to it. Exposure to AFFF can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, and it is crucial to be aware of the signs and symptoms of exposure to protect yourself.
This article explores how to identify exposure to AFFF, examines its potential health impacts on individuals, and outlines strategies to prevent and address related health issues.
What Is AFFF Exposure?
AFFF exposure occurs when individuals come into contact with firefighting foam containing PFAS. These chemicals are known as “forever chemicals” since they do not break down in the environment and can gather in the human body over time. AFFF is used in various settings, such as airports, military bases, and industrial sites, meaning that people may encounter it in different forms and circumstances.
Here are a few ways individuals can be exposed to AFFF:
- Handling or using the foam during firefighting operations;
- Leaching into groundwater and degrading drinking water sources;
- Accidental spills or releases during transport, storage, or use;
- Exposure to PFAS-containing dust and particles in the air.
Understanding the AFFF health effects is crucial for those who work with or are potentially exposed to this foam.
Health Risks Associated With Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
For decades, AFFF was considered a highly effective and safe firefighting tool. However, recent studies have shown that PFAS chemicals in AFFF can adversely affect human health.
Exposure to PFAS has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly kidney and testicular cancer. It may also contribute to the development of thyroid problems, immune system disorders, and reproductive issues.
In addition to these potential long-term health risks, short-term exposure to AFFF can also cause acute symptoms such as skin irritation and respiratory issues. The harshness of these symptoms can vary depending on the concentration and duration of exposure.
Who Is at Risk for AFFF Exposure?
Occupational exposure is the most common way individuals can come into contact with AFFF. This includes firefighters, chemical manufacturing workers, and ski wax technicians. These groups may experience repeated and prolonged exposure to AFFF, increasing their risk of adverse health effects.
However, individuals living near an AFFF manufacturing plant or a site where the foam has been used may also be at risk of exposure through contaminated water sources. It’s vital for anyone who may have been exposed to AFFF to monitor their health and seek medical attention if they experience any signs.
Furthermore, individuals who have served in the military and worked with AFFF may be at risk of developing health issues related to PFAS exposure. The Department of Defense has identified almost 700 military installations with known or potential AFFF contamination, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and health screenings.
AFFF Exposure Symptoms and Signs
It can be difficult to determine if someone has been exposed to AFFF as symptoms may not appear until years later. This is because PFAS chemicals are highly persistent and can accumulate in the body over time. However, some common signs and symptoms may indicate exposure to AFFF.
Skin Irritation
Direct contact with AFFF may cause skin irritation, ranging from mild redness or itchiness to more reactions like rashes and blisters. Keep in mind that the information on the effects of PFAS on the skin is still ongoing, and more research is needed to fully understand its impact.
Respiratory Issues
Exposure to AFFF fumes or particles can aggravate the respiratory tract and cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. In some cases, it may even lead to more serious respiratory issues like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Liver Damage
Sustained exposure to PFAS has been linked to liver damage, which can manifest in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). If left untreated, this can lead to more severe health issues, including liver failure.
Kidney Damage
Another potential health risk of AFFF exposure is kidney damage. Vulnerability to PFAS has been linked to an increased risk of kidney cancer, as well as other kidney-related health issues such as decreased function and chronic kidney disease. Individuals exposed to AFFF may need regular blood and urine tests to monitor for potential kidney damage.
Thyroid Problems
PFAS chemicals have been shown to interfere with the body’s natural production of hormones, which can lead to thyroid issues such as hypothyroidism. Symptoms of these disorders may include fatigue, weight changes, and mood disturbances.
Cancer
Long-term exposure to AFFF has been linked to an elevated risk of particular types of cancer, including kidney and testicular cancer. It’s crucial for individuals who have been exposed to AFFF to monitor their health closely and report any unusual symptoms or signs that may indicate a potential health issue.
If you have experienced these AFFF side effects or believe you have been exposed, seeking medical attention and informing your healthcare provider about your potential exposure is essential. They may suggest further testing or monitoring to ensure early detection and treatment of possible health issues.
Determining Eligibility for an AFFF Lawsuit
Individuals typically must meet specific criteria to be eligible for an AFFF lawsuit. Criteria may include being diagnosed with a health issue related to AFFF exposure, having occupational or environmental exposure to the foam, and living close to an AFFF manufacturing plant or site where the foam has been used.
If you are unsure about your potential exposure to AFFF, speak with a knowledgeable attorney to help determine if you have been affected. They can review your situation and advise you on the best course of action to seek compensation for any health issues related to AFFF exposure.
Legal Options for Those Impacted by AFFF Exposure
If you or a loved one have been exposed to AFFF and are experiencing related health issues, seeking legal action may be an option. Compensation from an AFFF lawsuit can help cover medical fees, lost earnings, and pain and suffering caused by this exposure. It can also hold manufacturers accountable for exposing individuals to harmful chemicals.
When pursuing legal action, finding a lawyer with experience in handling AFFF cases is crucial. They can guide the eligibility requirements for filing a lawsuit, gather evidence to build your case, and navigate the complex legal system.
Contact a reputable lawyer specializing in AFFF litigation to examine your options and determine if you are eligible for compensation. Remember, it’s never too late to seek justice for the harmful effects of AFFF exposure.